Dual-process theory has become a predominant framework in cognitive psychology for explaining the mechanisms underlying human judgment. This model posits a fundamental dichotomy in cognitive functioning, distinguishing between two discrete systems of thought: System 1 and System 2. System 1 operates automatically and expeditiously, with little or no voluntary control. It relies on heuristics—mental shortcuts—to produce rapid, instinctive responses, a capacity that is evolutionarily advantageous but concurrently renders it susceptible to systematic errors known as cognitive biases. Its operations are largely subconscious and emotionally charged. In stark contrast, System 2 allocates attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations and logical reasoning. Its processes are slow, analytical, and consciously controlled. System 2 is engaged when one solves a complex mathematical problem, evaluates a sophisticated argument, or consciously overrides an intuitive impulse generated by System 1. The interplay between these systems is crucial; however, human cognition is often characterized by a principle of cognitive miserliness, whereby individuals default to the less resource-intensive System 1. Consequently, the more deliberate System 2 often functions merely as an endorser of System 1’s initial assessments rather than a rigorous critic. This inherent preference for cognitive ease has profound implications for understanding the prevalence of flawed judgments.