Câu 1:
______ his unparalleled expertise in quantum physics that secured him the prestigious research fellowship.
Câu 2:
She tried to remain impassive, but her ______ hands betrayed her anxiety.
Câu 3:
His argument, ______ logical on the surface, unravelled upon closer scrutiny.
Câu 4:
The extent ______ which the company was liable for the environmental damage was the central point of the litigation.
Câu 5:
The artist is said ______ in seclusion for over a decade before his final masterpiece was unveiled.
Câu 6:
The politician's attempts to ______ his involvement in the affair were ultimately futile.
Câu 7:
What the report fails to address ______ the long-term socio-economic impact of the proposed policy.
Câu 8:
The committee's recommendations, ______ their potential financial implications, were largely ignored by the board.
Câu 9:
The more convoluted his explanation became, ______ he seemed to be hiding something.
Câu 10:
The new regulations ______ insider trading, imposing severe penalties on anyone found guilty.
Câu 11:
She ______ the opportunity to study abroad, a decision she would later come to regret.
Câu 12:
It is imperative that the investigation ______ with the utmost integrity and transparency.
Câu 13:
He is a ______ opponent of the new legislation, having written several lengthy articles criticising it.
Câu 14:
I would have gone to the concert, but I was completely ______ under with work.
Câu 15:
Seldom ______ such a flagrant disregard for established protocols.
Câu 16:
Given the ______ of the evidence presented, the jury had little choice but to convict.
Câu 17:
So profound ______ the philosopher's influence that entire schools of thought emerged in his wake.
Câu 18:
The CEO's speech was so devoid of substance that it was ______ nonsense.
Câu 19:
Not until the final results were published ______ the true extent of the manipulation.
Câu 20:
He can't ______ all that work by himself; he must have had assistance.
Câu 21:
______ I known about the road closures, I would have planned an alternative route.
Câu 22:
The treaty was designed to be ______, but several nations have already indicated their intention to withdraw.
Câu 23:
They had their research proposal ______ by three independent experts before submitting it for funding.
Câu 24:
The prime minister's refusal to comment on the scandal has only served to ______ the flames of public outrage.
Bài đọc: Intergenerational Equity and Environmental Policy
The prevailing paradigm of environmental policy is often hamstrung by a pernicious form of temporal myopia, prioritising short-term economic gains over long-term ecological stability. This approach implicitly discounts the welfare of future generations, treating them as a nebulous externality rather than as stakeholders with legitimate claims. A robust ethical framework for environmental stewardship must be predicated on the principle of intergenerational equity—the concept that the present generation has a moral obligation to bequeath a healthy, biodiverse planet to its successors. This is not merely a matter of sentiment but a quasi-contractual duty. Critics contend that predicting the needs and technological capabilities of future societies is an exercise in futility, and thus, present-day sacrifices are based on little more than conjecture. While this argument holds a sliver of pragmatic truth, it dangerously verges on moral abdication. The uncertainty of the future does not nullify the certainty of present-day environmental degradation. To argue otherwise is to endorse a policy of reckless intergenerational gambling, where the stakes are the very habitability of the planet. Therefore, a precautionary principle, which errs on the side of caution in the face of scientific uncertainty, must be the cornerstone of any morally defensible environmental strategy.
Câu 25:
The author’s advocacy for a 'precautionary principle' suggests that...
Câu 26:
How does the author address the counterargument that future needs are unpredictable?
Câu 27:
What is the central argument of the passage?
Câu 28:
The author uses the phrase 'temporal myopia' to describe...
Câu 29:
What is the primary rhetorical function of the phrase 'reckless intergenerational gambling'?
Câu 30:
The word 'pernicious' in the first sentence is closest in meaning to...
Câu 31:
What does the author imply by the term 'moral abdication'?
Câu 32:
The author characterizes the duty to future generations as a 'quasi-contractual' one to...
Bài đọc: On the Ontology of Fictional Entities
The philosophical quandary of fictional entities presents a persistent challenge to conventional ontology. When we refer to 'Sherlock Holmes', are we speaking of nothing at all, or does the character possess some form of existence? Meinongian theory posits a distinction between existence and subsistence, suggesting that while Holmes does not exist in the spatio-temporal world, he subsists as a non-existent object of thought. This approach, however, is often criticised for its ontological profligacy—an overpopulated universe of entities. A more parsimonious view, fictionalism, contends that statements about fictional characters are not assertions of truth but rather a form of pretence or make-believe. According to this perspective, when we say 'Holmes is a detective', we are not committing to his existence but engaging in a discourse governed by the rules of the fiction. The statement is 'true-in-the-fiction' but not true simpliciter. This avoids ontological bloat but raises questions about the semantics of such discourse. How can statements that are literally false still convey meaning and be subject to rational debate? The debate thus pivots on a fundamental trade-off: ontological tidiness versus semantic adequacy, a dilemma that remains at the heart of metaphysical inquiry into fiction.
Câu 33:
What can be inferred about the author's stance?
Câu 34:
What does 'true simpliciter' mean in this context?
Câu 35:
The passage implies that a major weakness of fictionalism is its difficulty in...
Câu 36:
The author's tone can best be described as...
Câu 37:
The term 'ontological profligacy' is used to criticise the Meinongian view for...
Câu 38:
According to the fictionalist view, the statement 'Holmes is a detective' is...
Câu 39:
What is the primary philosophical conflict described in the passage?