Câu 1:
______ a leading expert in the field, her opinion carried considerable weight.
Câu 2:
The professor's lecture managed to ______ the complex theory, making it accessible to all students.
Câu 3:
Seldom ______ such a compelling performance on this stage.
Câu 4:
Faced with imminent bankruptcy, the company had no choice but to bite the ______ and downsize its workforce.
Câu 5:
Due to the new data, we must now ______ our initial hypothesis.
Câu 6:
The management intended to implement the changes, but the union leaders advised them not to do ______.
Câu 7:
His flippant remarks only served to ______ an already tense situation.
Câu 8:
The study of ______ deals with the fundamental nature of knowledge, belief, and justification.
Câu 9:
Given the lack of communication, the team ______ misinformed about the deadline.
Câu 10:
The sensitive documents ______ securely before the office was vacated, but they were found on the desk.
Câu 11:
The committee's ______ decision to approve the merger without a full review has drawn widespread criticism.
Câu 12:
So profound ______ the silence in the chamber that you could hear a pin drop.
Câu 13:
______ his unwavering resolve that saw the project through its most challenging phase.
Câu 14:
The policy is controversial ______ it disproportionately affects lower-income families.
Câu 15:
The report was thorough, but the summary was a more ______ version for the board to review.
Câu 16:
______ the goalkeeper's phenomenal save in the final minute, the team would have lost the championship.
Câu 17:
The ancient artifact is ______ to possess curative properties, though such claims lack scientific backing.
Câu 18:
Her ______ attention to the nuances of the text allowed her to uncover its hidden meanings.
Câu 19:
If the diplomat had been more tactful during the negotiations, the treaty ______ so unfavorably skewed now.
Câu 20:
Under no circumstances ______ you divulge this information to a third party.
Câu 21:
The criteria ______ which candidates were selected remain confidential.
Câu 22:
______ his unparalleled expertise in quantum mechanics, he was the natural choice to lead the research division.
Câu 23:
Not until the final research paper was published ______ the full implications of their discovery.
Bài đọc: The Ineluctable Problem of Qualia
The philosophical debate surrounding consciousness remains one of the most intractable of our time. While materialist accounts, which seek to explain mental states purely in terms of physical brain processes, have gained considerable traction, they encounter a formidable obstacle: the 'hard problem' of consciousness. This refers to the challenge of explaining why we have subjective, qualitative experiences—what philosophers term 'qualia'—such as the redness of red or the pain of a wound. A reductionist approach can map neural correlates of these experiences with increasing precision, but it fails to bridge the explanatory gap between objective neuronal firings and the ineluctable, first-person nature of phenomenal experience. To argue that consciousness is merely an emergent property of complex computation is to sidestep the fundamental question. It presupposes that a sufficiently complex system will automatically generate subjective awareness, a claim that is itself a philosophical assertion rather than an empirical finding. The chasm between the physical and the phenomenal suggests that our current scientific paradigm may be incomplete, or that consciousness itself is a fundamental, irreducible feature of reality.
Câu 24:
What is the author's primary argument regarding consciousness?
Câu 25:
What function does the sentence 'To argue that consciousness is merely an emergent property...' serve in the argument?
Câu 26:
What is implied about the current scientific paradigm?
Câu 27:
According to the passage, what are 'qualia'?
Câu 28:
What is the author's tone concerning materialist accounts of consciousness?
Câu 29:
The phrase 'explanatory gap' refers to the difficulty in connecting...
Câu 30:
The author uses the word 'ineluctable' to characterize subjective experience as...
Bài đọc: Linguistic Relativity: Re-evaluating Whorf
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which posits a systematic relationship between the language a person speaks and their perception of the world, has long been a subject of contentious debate in linguistics and cognitive science. The 'strong' version, linguistic determinism, claims that language dictates thought, effectively imprisoning a speaker within their linguistic framework. This deterministic view has been largely discredited, as evidence of universal cognitive capacities and the translatability of ideas abounds. However, the 'weak' version, linguistic relativity, which suggests that language influences thought and that certain cognitive tasks are easier for speakers of one language than another, has found renewed empirical support. For example, studies on color perception, spatial reasoning, and numerical cognition show subtle but significant variations across linguistic groups. While the Pirahã language's alleged lack of recursion and number words once fueled deterministic arguments, modern research focuses on more nuanced influences. It is no longer a question of whether language shapes thought, but rather how and to what extent. This shift moves the debate from a rigid binary to a more sophisticated exploration of the interplay between language, culture, and cognition, acknowledging their complex, reciprocal relationship.
Câu 31:
Why, according to the text, has the 'strong' version of the hypothesis been largely rejected?
Câu 32:
What can be inferred about the author's view of using the Pirahã language to support linguistic determinism?
Câu 33:
The passage suggests that modern research into linguistic relativity is more focused on...
Câu 34:
What is the main purpose of this passage?
Câu 35:
How does the final sentence function in the passage?
Câu 36:
The author's stance on the 'weak' version of the hypothesis is best described as...
Câu 37:
In this context, the word 'deterministic' implies that language...