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1. Not until the research was independently verified ______ its controversial findings.

2. The company's decision to relocate its headquarters was ______ by a desire to reduce operational costs.

3. ______ by the initial positive feedback, the development team decided to proceed with the next phase of the project.

4. Had the government implemented the proposed water conservation measures earlier, the current shortage ______ so severe.

5. The professor's lecture on quantum mechanics was incredibly dense; ______, I found it absolutely fascinating.

6. Many analysts believe that the new regulations will ______ a significant challenge to small businesses.

7. The artifact, ______ to date from the 5th century, is considered one of the most important discoveries of the decade.

8. The CEO's resignation came as a complete surprise. He ______ any intention of leaving the company just last week.

9. The investigation aims to ______ the underlying causes of the system failure.

10. Despite the economic downturn, the tech industry has shown remarkable ______.

11. Rarely ______ such a clear consensus among competing political parties.

12. The report highlights the ______ effects of deforestation on local biodiversity.

13. If I ______ you, I would have taken the job offer without a second thought.

14. The project was far more complex than we ______. By the end, we had been working on it for over two years.

15. The manager insisted ______ all employees attending the mandatory safety training.

16. Urban areas offer more job opportunities, ______ rural areas often provide a better quality of life.

17. The witness's account of the event did not ______ with the physical evidence found at the scene.

18. His office is empty and his computer is shut down. He ______ for the day.

19. The ______ of smartphones has fundamentally changed how we communicate and access information.

20. It is imperative that the government ______ immediate action to address the housing crisis.

21. The film, ______ by a renowned director, received critical acclaim for its innovative storytelling.

22. Should you ______ any further assistance, do not hesitate to contact our support team.

23. The evidence presented was not ______ enough to secure a conviction.

24. The two theories are not mutually exclusive; in fact, they often ______ one another.

25. A thorough understanding of the historical context is ______ to interpreting the novel correctly.

Bài đọc hiểu

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Climate Change Mitigation

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being leveraged as a pivotal tool in the global effort to combat climate change. By processing vast and complex datasets far beyond human capability, machine learning algorithms can significantly enhance the accuracy of climate models. These models are crucial for predicting long-term environmental trends, forecasting extreme weather events like hurricanes and droughts, and assessing the potential impact of various mitigation strategies. For instance, AI can optimize energy grids by predicting demand and integrating renewable energy sources more efficiently, thereby reducing carbon emissions. Furthermore, AI-powered satellite imagery analysis helps monitor deforestation and illegal mining in real-time, providing actionable data for conservation efforts. Despite its immense potential, the deployment of AI in this field is not without its challenges. The high computational power required for training sophisticated AI models consumes a substantial amount of energy, creating a carbon footprint of its own. Moreover, biases in training data can lead to skewed predictions, potentially misguiding policy decisions. Therefore, a conscientious and ethically-guided approach is paramount to ensuring that AI serves as a net positive force in environmental stewardship.

1. What is the primary purpose of this passage?

2. According to the passage, how does AI improve climate models?

3. The word 'pivotal' in the first sentence is closest in meaning to:

4. Which of the following is mentioned as a specific application of AI in conservation?

5. What challenge associated with AI use is highlighted in the text?

6. What can be inferred from the author's conclusion?

7. The word 'conscientious' in the final sentence is closest in meaning to:

The Ethical Frontier of Genetic Engineering

The advent of powerful gene-editing technologies, most notably CRISPR-Cas9, has propelled humanity to an ethical crossroads. On one hand, these tools hold unprecedented promise for eradicating debilitating genetic disorders such as Huntington's disease and cystic fibrosis, potentially alleviating immense human suffering. Proponents argue that it would be unethical *not* to use such technology to prevent heritable diseases. On the other hand, the same technology opens a Pandora's box of ethical dilemmas. The prospect of 'designer babies'—embryos genetically modified for non-medical traits like intelligence or athletic ability—raises profound questions about social equity and the very definition of what it means to be human. Critics voice concerns about a future where societal divisions are exacerbated by genetic stratification, creating a 'genetically enhanced' upper class. Furthermore, the long-term ecological consequences of releasing genetically modified organisms, including humans, into the environment are largely unknown. The potential for unforeseen mutations or disruptions to the gene pool necessitates a cautious, globally coordinated regulatory framework. Navigating this new frontier requires a delicate balance between harnessing therapeutic potential and mitigating the profound risks.

1. What is the main argument of the passage?

2. The phrase 'Pandora's box' is used to suggest that gene-editing technology could:

3. According to critics, what is a major social risk of 'designer babies'?

4. The word 'debilitating' in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:

5. What does the author suggest is necessary to manage the use of this technology?

6. What can be inferred about the author's position on gene editing?

7. The word 'exacerbated' in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to:

The Rise of Interdisciplinary Studies in Higher Education

The traditional structure of higher education, characterized by distinct and siloed academic departments, is undergoing a significant transformation. In its place, interdisciplinary studies—a model that integrates knowledge, methodologies, and perspectives from multiple disciplines—is gaining prominence. The impetus for this shift is the growing recognition that the world's most pressing problems, such as climate change, global pandemics, and systemic poverty, are too complex to be solved from a single disciplinary viewpoint. For example, tackling a pandemic requires not only virologists and epidemiologists but also sociologists to understand public behavior, economists to model financial impacts, and ethicists to guide policy. Proponents assert that interdisciplinary programs cultivate critical thinking, creativity, and adaptability, skills highly valued in the modern workforce. Students learn to synthesize information from disparate sources and collaborate with people from different intellectual backgrounds. However, this educational model faces hurdles. Institutional inertia, entrenched departmental structures, and challenges in assessing interdisciplinary work can impede its implementation. Despite these obstacles, the trend is clear: universities are increasingly breaking down academic walls to foster a more holistic and integrated approach to knowledge, better preparing students for the multifaceted challenges of the 21st century.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

2. The word 'siloed' in the first sentence implies that academic departments traditionally were:

3. Why does the author mention the example of a global pandemic?

4. According to the passage, which is NOT a benefit of interdisciplinary studies for students?

5. What is identified as a challenge to implementing interdisciplinary programs?

6. What is the overall tone of the passage?