Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. These underwater structures, often called 'rainforests of the sea,' support an extraordinary variety of marine life. They provide essential habitats and nurseries for approximately 25% of all marine species, including many that are commercially important for fisheries. Beyond their biological significance, coral reefs also offer crucial protection to coastal communities by acting as natural barriers that absorb the energy of waves, thereby reducing coastal erosion and storm damage. However, these vital ecosystems are under severe threat from a combination of factors, including rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and pollution. The phenomenon of 'coral bleaching,' where corals expel the algae living in their tissues and turn completely white, is a clear indicator of this environmental stress.