Luyện Tập Ngôn Ngữ - LinguaRead
Trang chủ > Kiểm tra > Chuyển cấp
00:00

1. Not until the final report was published ______ the full extent of the environmental damage.

2. The study's conclusions were ______ by a lack of empirical data, rendering them largely speculative.

3. Had the early warning systems been operational, the catastrophe ______ averted.

4. The new legislation is intended to ______ the negative effects of industrial pollution on urban areas.

5. Despite being a relatively new field, quantum computing has already shown ______ potential for solving complex problems.

6. The research team, ______ members were drawn from several universities, secured significant government funding.

7. Seldom ______ such a clear correlation between social policy and economic outcomes.

8. The archaeologist's findings were so groundbreaking that they forced a complete ______ of historical timelines.

9. If the company ______ more in research and development last year, it wouldn't be lagging behind its competitors now.

10. Urban sprawl continues to encroach ______ vital wildlife habitats, posing a serious threat to biodiversity.

11. The theory is based on the ______ that all individuals act rationally to maximize their own self-interest.

12. The data from the satellite appears to be corrupted; it ______ been transmitted incorrectly.

13. ______ the widespread availability of information, misinformation continues to be a pervasive issue in modern society.

14. A key responsibility of the ethics committee is to ensure all research protocols ______ with established guidelines.

15. The defendant's lawyer argued that the evidence was circumstantial and, ______, insufficient for a conviction.

16. The rise of the gig economy has led to a fundamental shift in the ______ between employers and workers.

17. The new filtration system, ______ to remove microplastics, is currently undergoing rigorous testing.

18. Many sociologists argue that socioeconomic status is the most significant ______ of educational attainment.

19. This particular species of orchid is ______ to a small, isolated valley in the Andes mountains.

20. It is imperative that international bodies ______ to address the escalating climate crisis.

21. The report highlights the ______ between the company's public statements on sustainability and its actual manufacturing practices.

22. Under no circumstances ______ employees share confidential client information with third parties.

23. The ancient manuscript, ______ to have been lost for centuries, was discovered by chance in a university library.

24. The government's failure to regulate the financial markets was a ______ factor in the economic downturn.

25. The CEO's resignation came as a surprise; ______ his recent assurances that he would remain with the company.

Bài đọc hiểu

The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Systems

The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) into autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles and automated decision-making in finance and healthcare, presents a profound ethical quandary. The core issue revolves around accountability. When an autonomous system makes a critical error—for instance, a self-driving car causing an accident—determining responsibility is not straightforward. Is the fault with the owner, the manufacturer, or the software engineers who wrote the code? This ambiguity challenges existing legal and moral frameworks that are predicated on human agency and intent. Furthermore, the data used to train these AI systems can contain inherent biases. If an AI is trained on historical data reflecting societal prejudices, it may perpetuate or even amplify those injustices in its decision-making, leading to discriminatory outcomes in areas like loan applications or criminal justice. Consequently, developing robust ethical guidelines and transparent, explainable AI (XAI) is not merely a technical challenge but a societal imperative. Without such frameworks, the potential for AI to undermine fairness and trust is considerable, eclipsing its undeniable benefits in efficiency and innovation.

1. What is the primary purpose of this passage?

2. The word 'quandary' in the first sentence is closest in meaning to:

3. According to the passage, why is determining responsibility for an AI's error difficult?

4. What does the author suggest is a potential consequence of using biased training data?

5. What can be inferred about the author's stance on AI?

6. The term 'societal imperative' in the third paragraph implies that addressing AI ethics is:

7. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage as a challenge?

The Role of Keystone Species in Ecosystem Stability

In ecology, a 'keystone species' is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem. Without its keystone species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether. The role of a keystone species is analogous to the keystone in an arch; while it may not be the most abundant species, its removal initiates a cascade of negative effects throughout the food web. A classic example is the sea otter in the kelp forests of the Pacific coast. Sea otters prey on sea urchins, which in turn graze on kelp. When otter populations decline, urchin populations explode, leading to the devastation of kelp forests. This loss of kelp, a primary producer and critical habitat, impacts numerous other species, from fish to crustaceans, thereby destabilizing the entire marine environment. This concept underscores the intricate interdependence of organisms within an ecosystem. It challenges the simplistic view that conservation should focus only on large or charismatic animals, highlighting instead the disproportionate importance of certain species, irrespective of their size or population numbers, in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

2. The author uses the analogy of a keystone in an arch to illustrate that a keystone species:

3. According to the passage, what is the direct consequence of a decline in sea otter populations?

4. The word 'cascade' in the first paragraph is used to signify:

5. What does the passage suggest about conservation strategies?

6. What can be inferred about sea urchins from the passage?

7. The overall tone of the passage can be described as:

The Shift Towards Personalized Learning in Higher Education

The traditional one-size-fits-all model of higher education is increasingly being scrutinized for its inability to cater to diverse student needs and learning paces. In response, a paradigm shift towards personalized learning is gaining momentum. This educational approach leverages technology to tailor content, pedagogy, and assessment to individual student profiles. Proponents argue that personalized learning enhances student engagement and improves outcomes by allowing learners to progress at their own speed and focus on areas where they need the most support. Adaptive learning platforms, for instance, can dynamically adjust the difficulty of material based on a student's real-time performance. However, this transition is not without its hurdles. Critics raise concerns about data privacy, the potential for technology to create an isolating learning experience, and the significant institutional investment required for both technology and faculty training. Furthermore, there is a pedagogical debate about whether over-reliance on algorithms could stifle the development of creativity and critical thinking, skills often honed through collaborative, Socratic-style discourse. Therefore, while personalized learning holds immense promise, its successful implementation hinges on a balanced approach that integrates technology thoughtfully without supplanting the invaluable human element of education.

1. What is the main argument of the passage?

2. The word 'scrutinized' in the first sentence is closest in meaning to:

3. According to the passage, what is a key benefit of personalized learning?

4. Which of the following is mentioned as a criticism of personalized learning?

5. What does the author mean by 'a balanced approach' in the final sentence?

6. What can be inferred about adaptive learning platforms?

7. The passage implies that the 'human element of education' is associated with: