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1. If the city council ______ more on public transport infrastructure, traffic congestion would likely decrease.

2. The report concluded that the new policy had a negligible ______ on the company's overall profits.

3. Many ancient ruins ______ by archaeologists in the last century, providing new insights into past civilizations.

4. Despite the initial challenges, the research team managed to ______ their experiment successfully.

5. The manager asked ______ the project timeline could be shortened.

6. The study's findings are not definitive; they are, at best, ______.

7. By the time the new software is released next year, the development team ______ on it for over three years.

8. The organization aims to ______ awareness about the importance of recycling in urban areas.

9. You ______ have submitted your application by the deadline; it was a strict requirement for consideration.

10. The two theories are not mutually exclusive; in fact, they ______ each other in several ways.

11. The university, ______ is renowned for its science programs, has just received a major international grant.

12. A significant ______ of the budget has been allocated to research and development.

13. If I ______ about the traffic jam, I would have taken a different route.

14. The word 'ubiquitous' in the sentence 'Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society' means ______.

15. The government has implemented new regulations ______ controlling industrial pollution.

16. It ______ that the ancient city was abandoned due to a prolonged drought.

17. The lecturer's argument was so ______ that most of the students were persuaded to adopt her point of view.

18. She couldn't recall ______ she had put the car keys.

19. The issue of climate change is a ______ matter that requires international cooperation.

20. ______ he had all the necessary qualifications, he was not offered the job.

21. Advancements in medical technology have led to a significant increase in life ______.

22. The student, ______ essay won the competition, was praised for her originality.

23. The data from the initial trials was ______; further tests are needed to confirm the hypothesis.

Bài đọc hiểu

The Psychology of Color in Marketing

The use of color in marketing is a sophisticated strategy designed to evoke specific emotional responses in consumers. This practice, known as color psychology, is based on the idea that colors have the power to influence perception and behavior. For instance, red is frequently used to create a sense of urgency, which is why it often appears in clearance sale signs. Blue, on the other hand, is associated with trust and security, making it a popular choice for banks and financial institutions. Companies invest considerable resources into selecting colors that align with their brand's personality and message. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is not universal. Cultural background plays a crucial role; a color that signifies happiness in one culture might represent mourning in another. Therefore, international brands must conduct thorough research to ensure their color choices resonate positively across different markets, a process that requires both artistic sensitivity and data-driven analysis.

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?

2. According to the passage, why is blue often used by financial institutions?

3. The word 'resonate' in the last sentence is closest in meaning to:

4. What does the passage suggest about the use of colors in global advertising?

5. The passage states that the color red is used in clearance sales to create a feeling of urgency.

The Rise of Vertical Farming

Vertical farming is an innovative agricultural method that involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often indoors in controlled environments. This approach addresses several major challenges of traditional agriculture. Firstly, it significantly reduces land use, allowing farms to operate in urban centers closer to consumers. This proximity can cut down on transportation costs and carbon emissions. Secondly, by controlling light, temperature, and humidity, vertical farms can produce crops year-round, irrespective of external weather conditions. Water usage is also dramatically lower, as most systems recycle water efficiently. Despite these advantages, vertical farming faces considerable hurdles. The primary challenge is the high energy consumption required for artificial lighting and climate control, which can make it costly. Furthermore, the range of crops that can be grown economically is currently limited, with leafy greens being the most common. Proponents believe that as technology improves and renewable energy sources become cheaper, vertical farming will play a crucial role in ensuring future food security, especially for a growing global urban population.

1. What is identified in the passage as a major drawback of vertical farming?

2. The author suggests that vertical farms can help reduce carbon emissions by:

3. Vertical farms can currently grow all types of fruits and vegetables at a low cost.

4. The passage states that vertical farms use less water than traditional farms.

5. According to the text, the majority of existing vertical farms are located in rural areas.

The Deciphering of the Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799 by French soldiers in Egypt, is one of the most significant archaeological finds in history. Its importance lies not in its content, which is a rather mundane decree issued in 196 BC, but in its unique format. The same text was inscribed on the stone in three different scripts: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic script (a later, simplified form of Egyptian writing), and Ancient Greek. At the time of its discovery, hieroglyphs were an unsolved mystery, a code that no one had been able to crack for centuries. The presence of the Greek text, a well-understood language, provided the key. Scholars across Europe raced to decipher the hieroglyphs. The final breakthrough came in the 1820s from the French scholar Jean-François Champollion. By meticulously comparing the Greek names, such as Ptolemy, with their hieroglyphic counterparts enclosed in ovals called cartouches, he was able to unlock the phonetic values of the symbols. This monumental achievement opened the door to understanding 3,000 years of ancient Egyptian history and culture that had previously been silent.

1. What is the primary reason the Rosetta Stone is so historically important?

2. Which language on the stone was already understood and served as the key for decipherment?

3. The word 'meticulously' in the passage is closest in meaning to:

4. Jean-François Champollion was the person who discovered the Rosetta Stone.

5. The text written on the Rosetta Stone was inscribed in three different scripts.